Vitals

Everyone should know that there are ways you can check for someone’s vitals. There are ways you can see if a person is conscious so you could have an idea of what to do next. An objective for checking someones vitals is to establish treatment for that subject usually upon admission to a hospital or even for treatment.

People get frantic when they don’t realize that vital signs can be observed, monitored, or measured. Not everything requires computers as well as machines because when the two did not exist, how do you think doctors got about? Starting with …

The Pulse

When I placed my hand on the student’s wrist positioning my fingers under his thumb, I was checking for his Radial Pulse. Our Objective in doing so is to hold the artery in place between our fingers and the bone underneath it.

In my opinion and it’s obviousness, this is less invasive as well as typical for the case I was in. Now, if there is an absence of rhythm where our fingers are placed, generally it means that the subjects systolic blood pressure had fallen below 80 which could result to or be a result of aortic abnormalities, vascular compromise, atherosclerosis and compartment syndrome. If the student I was tending to had an injury in his arm, or any other patient of someone trying to check vitals, an accurate reading can still be detected through the radial pulse procedure.

Above are the other pulse points emergency respondents are aware of other than radial pulse.

Pulse counting is when we’d hold the pulse for about a minute then we’d calculate how many beats we’ve gotten in that minute. The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. the strength or weakness of the pulse indicates overall heart-health

Next Vital…

Temperature

This is to check for any kind of fever or hypothermia. In my case, I was checking to see if my subject was dead or alive. However with this, a thermometer should be at hand. Body temperature can vary depending on the gender (females when during their menstrual cycle), recent activity, food and fluid consumption, and time of the day.

However, normal temperature can range from 97.8° F to  to 99° F.

Respiratory Rate

Normal Respiration would be 15-20 breaths per minutes. Respiration rates over 25 breaths per minute or under 12 breaths per minute (when at rest) may be considered abnormal  You pay very close attention to the amount of times the person’s chest rises. Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, and with other medical conditions. When checking respiration, it is important to also note whether a person has any difficulty breathing.

Next Vital…

Blood Pressure

This is measured with a blood pressure cuff with my favorite, a stethoscope. As previous posts indicated, In doing so we are checking for systolic as well as diastolic pressure. With a monitor, a cuff is placed level with the heart and wrapped firmly but not tightly around the arm one inch above the elbow over the Brachial artery. The subject should be relaxed. When I check my parents Blood pressure, I make sure they sit down at the table and are well rested for about Three minutes, then I proceed to take their pressure.

High blood pressure in adults (Hypertension) is 140 mm Hg or greater systolic pressure and/or 90 mm Hg or greater diastolic pressure.

Pre-hypertension is 120 mm Hg – 139 mm Hg systolic pressure and/or 80 mm Hg – 89 mm Hg diastolic pressure

Normal Blood Pressure is Less than 120 mm Hg systolic pressure and less than 80 mm Hg diastolic pressure

Like I said with or without the equipment, some part of the vitals can be measured, observed, or monitored by an individual, not necessarily a Physician.

Signed

Creative Gloves

Tenth Session of Mentoring In Medicine

Today was the end of our two week session of Mentoring in Medicine. I have to say I took away a lot than I had expected. At the begining of the program, I was shocked to find out that middle school students through college students were tuning in for the class. From there I understood why the faculty was not afraid to touch on such complex topics. The amazing lesson I took away from the program was basically the drive for all the members providing for the students. Which was basically to become a health ambassador. Starting off mediocre with the making of my own blog dedicated solely to medicine. I hope that with this I can get recognized quickly and achieve my goal of providing for the public. With that being said I thank Mentoring In Medicine’s virtual camp for providing me with an amazing two weeks of knowledge and feel for what I want to become in the future.

Signed:
Creative Gloves

Ninth Session of Mentoring in Medicine

Many of times, I as a student, would receive words from motivational speakers. Most of their stories would help me put my head forward when it comes to doing something pertaining to my future. Today, one of the speakers, a doctor, Dr. Mary Badillo, had an amazing story she shared with everyone in Mentoring in Medicine. One thing that stood out in her Journey to becoming a doctor was the fact that she had many obstacles which in the end, she pushed aside. Having a disabled mother, and an emotionally unavailable father would be considered a lot to carry on your back especially when you have your foot set towards success. The beauty of it, and yes there is a beautiful side; it motivates you to be able to want something that would make it possible to treat them in a better environment or just live differently. Another inspiring thing she said with absolutely no shame which spoke to me in so much ways it’s unbelievable, “I grew tired of turning on the lights in the bathroom and seeing roaches scrambling, I told myself that this has to change, I need to do something to live better than this in the future.”
Growing up I understood that I can have better living conditions if I become succesful. Everyone has something to motivate them and that was my parents. I wanted to be able to give them better housing, provide them with luxuries, things we never had. I wanted to make them proud of me as well. It seems as though everyone in my family supports me thoroughly. I get words of wisdom that I replay in my head to this day. I find myself valuing the many things that I am told because I know in the long run it will all help me. Hang around the right people to better yourself. Make decisions you know would make people proud because there is always that voice in your head that lets you know something is not right. Never let anyone’s negativity bring you down. If you know what you are capable of, go for it. I know with these lessons learned, I will become the doctor I want to be in the future.

                                                                                                                             signed:

                                                                                                                        Creative Gloves

Eighth Session of Mentoring in Medicine

When it comes to certain conditions in the human body, symptoms can be similar and it would be hard to diagnose a patient accurately. Today, we cleared up this issue with two heart conditions; cardiac arrest and heart attacks. Both share some of the same symptoms which goes as follows.

HEART ATTACKS (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION)

  • Remember from previous posts that a circulation problem occurs and causes a heart attack when one of the arteries or more are blocked. The oxygen in the blood then cannot reach the heart which damages the heart muscle.
  • Symptoms would be chest discomfort or pain, upper body pains, stomach pains, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, and nausea and vomiting (keep in mind symptoms for women may turn out very different)

CARDIAC ARREST

  • This occurs when one of the hearts chambers develops an irregular rhythm which leaves them quivering instead of beating normally. The chaotic quivering motion of the ventricles renders the heart an ineffective pump that can no longer supply the body and brain with oxygen. After a while, this leaves the person unconscious with no pulse
  • Symptoms would include sudden collapse, no pulse, no breathing, loss of consciousness, fatigue, fainting, blackouts, dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, palpitations, or vomiting. sometimes, cardiac arrest could be occurring, but the person may not experience any symptoms.

Arrhythmia, common word brought up when speaking about cardiac arrest. Arrhythmia is a condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm. However, there are different types which will be listed below.

Atrial Fibrillation

A chaotic, irregular rhythm originating in the upper chambers of the heart, or the atria.  It leads to a rapid and irregular heartbeat or pulse. Atrial fibrillation can be divided into three major categories: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, persistent atrial fibrillation, and permanent atrial fibrillation.

Supraventricular Tachycardia

An arrhythmia that originates from above (“supra”) the ventricle. Symptoms include Palpitation, or racing heartbeat, which are the predominant symptoms in SVT. Occasionally, some patients have no awareness of rapid heartbeat, whose only symptoms may be fatigue and fainting. Other patients describe chest paint, shortness of breath, and a sense of fullness in the neck. This usually refers to three other types of arrhythmias which are, AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia, Atrial Tachycardia, Wolf – Parkinson-White Syndrome. 

Ventricular Tachycardia

is a rapid, regular heartbeat arising in the ventricles, the bottom chamber of the heart. When it occurs, it’s usually fatal.

Ventricular Fibrillation 

Is where electrical signals in the ventricles fire in a very fast and uncontrolled manner. This causes the lower chambers to quiver, and not pump blood. If the person does not receive immediate medical attention and a normal rhythm is not restored quickly, the patient will suffer brain and heart damage and die.

The treatment for irregular heart rhythms is a machine called a defibrillator. Defibrillation is the definitive treatment for the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Defibrillation consists of delivering a therapeutic dose of electrical energy to the affected heart. This depolarizes a critical mass of the heart muscle, terminates the arrhythmia, and allows normal sinus rhythm to be reestablished by the body’s natural pacemaker, in the sinoatrial node of the heart. Click here for image: Defibrillator

Signed:

     Creative Gloves 

Seventh Session of Mentoring in Medicine

It seems as though we’ve never left the specifics of the cardiovascular system since about day 6. This is great because it leaves us with things that have been brought up constantly through repetition and deeper explanations. The things covered today was in a huge quantity, that it should be divided into two posts. From the misunderstanding of woman’s Heart Attacks to the understanding of Heart Attacks in the whole. What happens when one is occurring, why does it usually occur, what are a person’s reaction to one, what are some treatments, how are you taken care of surgical wise when you reach to the hospital. Due to its lengthy explanation, this post will be edited later. Sorry for the inconvenience.

                                                                                                                        Signed:

                                                                                                              Creative Gloves

Sixth Session of Mentoring in Medicine

There was so much that was covered today that I’m not even sure about what to start with. However, knowing one of the topics happened to be personal and very important to me, I’ll start with that, and work my way through the day’s lessons. My parents suffer with hypertension. My dad, also with diabetes. It has been in my family for as long as they know. My wanting to be a doctor was a huge benefit to this situation. I was able to study the medicine my parents took daily and find out the risks, also make sure that the label provided the proper dosage and how to take it. My mother gave me the liberty in taking her blood pressure as well as my father’s every once in a while. Checking my father’s blood sugar as well administering his insulin, became my priority to this day. I learned about systolic pressure as well as diastolic and heart rate pretty early for their sake, and how to balance diets for mostly my father’s.

I can say that people fear hypertension because of its many affects. Of course I used to feel a certain protectiveness over my parents because they had it. I’m even likely to trigger it.  My siblings as well. However, all grown up now, and understanding it can be taken care of so easily. I’m not scared anymore. I feel that I can tackle it. I’ll be more than happy to spread all that I know and have learned to kids out there like me to let them know they should approach this with the uttermost confidence.

Understanding High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

Hypertension increases people’s chances of Heart disease, Kidney Disease, and stroke. It has been said that when it comes to Hypertension, the brain, heart, and Kidneys should be taken into consideration. Simply meaning that whatever it is that hypertension brings on to the person who has it, it will attack mainly those systems. High blood pressure is dangerous because it makes the heart work too hard and contributes to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). A blood pressure level of 140/90 mmHg or higher is considered high. If your blood pressure is between 120/80 mmHg and 139/89 mmHg, then you have prehypertension. Normal Blood pressures lie around anything below 120/80.

Checking Blood Pressure

Above, I mentioned several numbers however they were recorded very weirdly I guess you can say. When talking about systolic and Diastolic measurements, that’s how it is recorded. 120/80 would simply be 12o as systolic and 80 as diastolic. Click here to get a website that shows an image, and breaks down what the doctor’s actually check for when compressing your arm. Sphygmomanometer explained.

Hypertension Treatment

It is important to know that many should keep a balanced diet. Avoid high sodium meals. This can save you from other issues such as The Gout. Health eating should be focused more on plant based foods and such. Also, many must learn to moderate the amount of meats they consume a day.

Keep active. Put aside time to have your body burn off fat, and have it accustomed to vigorous work, decreasing your chances of a heart attack, however keep in mind, this does not mean overwork your body.

YOU SHOULD NOT BE A SMOKER.

Keep in mind these factors for treatment can save your life. This condition is known as the silent killer, people vary when it comes to having symptoms and not showing any.

 Results of Hypertension

 As stated above, your kidneys could be at risk, your brain, also your heart at risk of an attack. However, going into specifics…

Artery Damage

Artery damage and narrowing. High blood pressure can damage the cells of your arteries’ inner lining. That launches a cascade of events that make artery walls thick and stiff.

Aneurysm. Over time, the constant pressure of blood moving through a weakened artery can cause a section of its wall to enlarge and form a bulge

Coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease affects the arteries that supply blood to your heart muscle. Arteries narrowed by coronary artery disease don’t allow blood to flow freely through your arteries.

Enlarged left heart. High blood pressure forces your heart to work harder than necessary in order to pump blood to the rest of your body. This causes the left ventricle to thicken or stiffen (left ventricular hypertrophy). These changes limit the ventricle’s ability to pump blood to your body. This condition increases your risk of heart attack, heart failure and sudden cardiac death.

Brain Damage

Stroke. A stroke occurs when part of your brain is deprived of oxygen and nutrients, causing brain cells to die. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to stroke by damaging and weakening your brain’s blood vessels, causing them to narrow, rupture or leak. High blood pressure can also cause blood clots to form in the arteries leading to your brain, blocking blood flow and potentially causing a stroke

Kidney Damage

Kidney Failure: High blood pressure is one of the most common causes of kidney failure. That’s because it can damage both the large arteries leading to your kidneys and the tiny blood vessels (glomeruli) within the kidneys. Damage to either makes it so your kidneys can’t effectively filter waste from your blood. As a result, dangerous levels of fluid and waste can accumulate. You might ultimately require dialysis or kidney transplantation.

                                                                                                                  Signed:

                                                                                                      Creative Gloves

Fifth Session of Mentoring in Medicine

Ever had to go for a quick jog and ended up checking your pulse before and after the exercise? Or what about those movies where someone ends up being caught in a tide  and a life guard saves them then goes right into CPR however checks the victim’s pulse to see whether they are conscious or not. In today’s lesson, we were able to identify where we can find our pulse and check our increased heart rate after an activity.

Two common places that are quite simple to check someone’s pulse would be the neck or the wrist, right under the thumb. (click here to see image.)

Your objective in doing this is the touch the artery. Feel with two fingers to get an accurate measure of beats per minute. A quick technique used by Parameds or Doctors would be checking the pulse for 15 seconds and multiplying the amount of beats you get in that 15 seconds by four. It would be similar to testing the beats per minute for a whole minute.

Physical activity increases heart rate because Cardiovascular Endurance is defined as the ability of the heart and lungs to provide blood and oxygen to meet energy demands. Energy demands range from a resting state to a more intense exercise or activity state. Blood and oxygen are provided through the circulatory system and respiratory system consisting of the heart, lungs and vessels. The heart works to pump blood and oxygen to body parts to meet the demand that the activity places on the body.

Resting

At rest there is a very low demand for blood and oxygen, resulting in a lower heart rate. The average resting heart rate is 70 beats per minute. Higher activity levels place a higher demand on body functions to meet increased energy needs.

Increasing
Increases in heart rate are needed to send more blood to the working muscles. Some blood flow is diverted to the skin, where the heat generated by the working muscles can be released. The increased blood allows more oxygen to be sent to meet higher demands. For every extra liter of oxygen needed, 5 extra liters of blood are needed. Energy demands are higher when activity involves upper and lower body muscles compared to activities using lower body muscles only.

Signed:

Creative Gloves

Fourth Session of Mentoring in Medicine

Today’s lesson was pulled in many directions as we covered a dissection of a cow’s heart in which certain sections were identified. This was completed with a cow’s heart since the heart was fairly similar to a human’s. We covered the transferring of blood from the heart through its chambers and valves which resort to the lungs which then travels right back to the heart. We covered what it is exactly that a paramedic does and their years in college, also some ideal things to develop if practicing to be a paramedic. However, as I list those important factors, I believe any future doctor should keep those mottos in mind to be the best, be mentally stable for the job and, be at one with what you do. The major components of blood was also covered and was very detailed. Lastly, we covered allergies and how it happens also the emergency medicine used for it.

The Heart’s Processing of blood

To view image of the Heart’s Chambers, click here (As you go along, keep the image open in another tab so you can follow easily)

First off, we must all remember the basic path to regulating blood throughout our entire body. Starting with the blood entering  the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart.

As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.

When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricle contracts.

As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.

The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart.

As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve.

When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atrium while the ventricle contracts.

As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body.

Paramedicine

Paramedicine is a health profession focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in attaining, re-attaining, and maintaining optimal health, often following acute or sudden onset of medical or traumatic events. Paramedicine is practiced predominantly in the out of hospital setting. Students are required to take courses in:

  • Anatomy and physiology
  • Patient assessment
  • Airway management
  • Medical and cardiac emergencies

The amount of years spent in school for this would be 4 years (achieving a bachelor’s degree)

Aspects of character to keep in mind

Tend to the community: It wouldn’t hurt to be altruistic and make yourself available for those you’d like to care for.

Good Morals: Everyone should be treated equally. If there is ever a time, you are to come across a patient with a condition that is ideally considered dangerous or contagious however as long as proper care is given, is actually harmless, (e.g. HIV or AIDS) treat them as though they are a patient with a condition that is minor such as the common cold or flu, etc.

Practical Skills: Practical skills basically speaks for itself. Skills that you ca use often. Make sure that you have many basic skills. You’ll never know when you can apply it to a situation and it can be a big help. Skills such as knowing another language, legible penmanship, knowing how to operate basic technology, knowing how to use power tools, etc. The great thing about practical skills is the fact that you don’t need to change its instruction. Everything is basically made, operated, produced, etc the same. You just need to learn it.

Recognize a problem and treat it accordingly: We all know if someone happens to have a common cold, you are not supposed to treat them for a clot or hearing loss. Treat your problems appropriately and do what you were trained to do. You will have a training window for many things, however if there is a case when a patient has a condition you are not sure about or just so happen to not have covered in training, leave it up to those who can help. This does not mean walk away from the scene or patient. Offer whatever help you can.

Self Improvement: It is very important that you hang around the right crowd to bring yourself up in character, and academics. You do not want to be caught in the wrong situation doing the wrong thing. Proper orientation of yourself is the best. It leaves the best impression of you on people. Try to read some self-improvement books. Read books that will help you towards your career. Try to be what you want to be as you get older, now. No one said it can’t be done, nor it’s impossible.

Signed:

Creative gloves

Third Session of Mentoring in Medicine

In Today’s session of Mentoring in Medicine, we tackled two lessons that will contribute to our journeys on becoming practicing doctors. The first and foremost was the familiarizing ourselves with the blog site Wordpress. Considering most personal blogs I have viewed in the past, and the previous one I used to own, Wordpress seems more sophisticated and it seems appropriate for the main reason we are using it. Really and truly, the goal of the faculty in Mentoring in Medicine, is to make “Health Ambassadors” of kids that are not as privileged as others in society. I believe the first step of becoming a health ambassador, is to of course take in the knowledge of others (basically what the information they feed you with) and be able to not only regurgitate the information but adjust it along the way to certain audiences and be able to modify the information through constant studying and research. The second step, which goes right back to WordPress.com would be getting recognized in communities and being able to have people locate you as their health ambassador. This will be used for this case, however can also be a huge advantage to present to colleges that you are able to communicate with people out there through a website that you created on you own. A website that is used to assist you on you journey to giving out vital information to help lives.

The second lesson presented today was about the human heart. This lesson was very elaborate and happened to be very understanding even as we touched on complicated parts of the human heart. A special guest also an emergency hospitalist, Dr. Raj, made a presentation on the heart after giving a brief introduction as to what is his role in the medical field. The first point that was proven before diving into the lesson was clearing up the confusion of reading a diagram different from the actual human body. If you consider the left and right portions of your body, in a heart diagram it will be the opposite. From there, Dr. Raj was able to clarify the roles of the different sides of the heart, which I was not aware of. I believed the entire heart carried out functions in unison. However it just so happens that the heart is divided into sections to provide for different parts of the body, and there are certain parts that are vital to the systems of the body. We’ve learned that the heart pumps deoxygenated blood that goes through a series of locations and valves that finally lead to the lungs. We also covered the specific names given to layers of the heart which would come in the order of the first; endocardium, the outer layer. The middle layer being the myocardium. Lastly the inner layer which is called the endocardium, which just so happens to touch on the lesson concerning root words and their suffixes/prefixes. Many times, when we’d go to the doctor’s office for a check up or so on, we are told to breathe in and breathe out as a cold object is compressed against our skin. This object, would be called the stethoscope in which doctor’s use to find out the condition of your heart. Sometimes, we just make a general understanding that they place it on our chest and back to get an accurate reading of our heart’s health, through its beats per minute. However, today we learned that the stethoscope is placed on certain areas, to get a reading of the heart’s valves. The Aorta, Pulmonic, Tricuspid, and the mitral valve.

The lesson moved on touching various topics such as heart diseases and equipment used in place of a heart or used to help aid the heart. Those that are no longer capable of working for themselves of course. For example a pacemaker. Questions were covered that were very interesting such as, “What would be more fatal, an open vein, or an open artery?” The question was cleared as it was given that a vein, is a system with low pressure and if opened, blood would ooze out. However with an artery which is a high pressure system, if it is to ever be opened, blood would spurt out. With this, we had to keep in mind that an artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. I have to say there would be more to go into about today’s lesson. It will not be impossible to inform all, however it would make a fairly lengthy post. With that being said, thank you for reading my first post. I cannot wait to write more for my audience

Signed:

                  Creative Gloves